August 30th
1.7 - "The Classification of Matter"
Composition: pure (elements, compounds) vs. mixtures.
Elements vs. compounds analogies:
- Cooking: ingredients from nature vs. what you make
- Language: words vs. compositions (sentences, paragraphs, stories, etc.)
Mixtures:
- Cooking: your plate at a buffet
- Language: Hmmm. If we take the magazine as our analogy to compounds, a messy newsstand would be our analogy to a mixture: you might have a stack of Car & Driver here with a couple more over there on a pile of National Geographics and Popular Science.
Elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, etc.
Compounds: Water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose, ...), DNA, ...
Mixtures: air, sea water, mayonnaise,
State of matter: solid, liquid, gas.
1.8 - "The Properties of Matter"
Physical properties: properties you can measure without changing the composition of the substance.
Chemical properties: properties you can measure only by changing the composition of the substance.
Physical change: You change the appearance of the substance but not the composition.
Chemical change: You change the composition of the substance. "Composition" => "Compound"
(Questioning the Author: p. 14 - "Self-check 1.3")
1.9 - "The Development of the Atomic Theory"
The Law of Conservation of Mass
The Law of Constant Composition
Atomic Theory:
1.10 - "The Nuclear Atom"
What sort of thing is this "atom" we talk about?
1.7 - "The Classification of Matter"
Composition: pure (elements, compounds) vs. mixtures.
Elements vs. compounds analogies:
- Cooking: ingredients from nature vs. what you make
- Language: words vs. compositions (sentences, paragraphs, stories, etc.)
Mixtures:
- Cooking: your plate at a buffet
- Language: Hmmm. If we take the magazine as our analogy to compounds, a messy newsstand would be our analogy to a mixture: you might have a stack of Car & Driver here with a couple more over there on a pile of National Geographics and Popular Science.
Elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, etc.
Compounds: Water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose, ...), DNA, ...
Mixtures: air, sea water, mayonnaise,
State of matter: solid, liquid, gas.
1.8 - "The Properties of Matter"
Physical properties: properties you can measure without changing the composition of the substance.
- Dimensions: height, width, depth, volume, area
- Color
- Weight
- Density
- Texture
Chemical properties: properties you can measure only by changing the composition of the substance.
- Flammability
- Reactivity
Physical change: You change the appearance of the substance but not the composition.
Chemical change: You change the composition of the substance. "Composition" => "Compound"
(Questioning the Author: p. 14 - "Self-check 1.3")
1.9 - "The Development of the Atomic Theory"
The Law of Conservation of Mass
The Law of Constant Composition
Atomic Theory:
- Matter is made up of atoms: bits that cannot be created, destroyed, or divided further.
- All atoms of an element are alike: they have the same properties. Different elements have different properties.
- Atoms can be combined to make compounds. In doing this, you use whole numbers of atoms for a given compound: no compound is made up of some fractional number of atoms of an element.
1.10 - "The Nuclear Atom"
What sort of thing is this "atom" we talk about?